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Types of coughs: dry -

Dry coughs feel almost like a tickle in the back of your throat. Usually, it doesn't bring up mucus and can be caused by respiratory system inflammation. Dry coughs can be a symptom of many illnesses including COVID-19, laryngitis, and tonsillitis.

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Types of coughs: wet -

Wet coughs sound wet because they actually produce mucus. This type of cough is also known as productive cough and is normally associated with a cold, flu, or bronchitis. 

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Types of coughs: paroxysmal -

A paroxysmal cough is uncontrolled and violent, and can leave you exhausted. It's common to struggle to breathe and possibly even vomit. Pertussis or whooping cough is the most common cause of this type of cough.

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Types of coughs: Croup -

Croup is a viral infection that results in irritation and swelling in the upper airway thereby making it challenging to breathe. Typically contagious, croup cough usually affects children five years and younger.

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Consult a doctor -

Before ever taking medicine, whether over the counter or otherwise, consult a medical professional or doctor to ensure it's the right course of treatment for you.

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Forms of cough medicines -

Over-the-counter cough medicines can take several forms including syrups, pills, lozenges, rubs, patches, and more.

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Dextromethorphan -

Dextromethorphan is the most common cough medicine ingredient and is a weak opiate and cough suppressant. For best results, use it for a dry cough.

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Dextromethorphan and the brain -

Dextromethorphan acts on the brain's cough center in order to calm down the cough reflex, minimizing the urge to cough.

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How dextromethorphan is sold -

Typically sold as a cough syrup, dextromethorphan can also be found in pills, soft gels, and gummy formulas.

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Effects -

Dextromethorphan acts on your central nervous system and thus can cause some people to feel dizzy or drowsy.

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Misuse of dextromethorphan -

Unfortunately, some people will misuse dextromethorphan for a recreational 'high.' Be sure only to take medicines as they are prescribed and intended.

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Guaifenesin -

If you have chest or nasal congestion then guaifenesin may be a good option for you. It is an expectorant, which means it can help make coughs more productive.

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How guaifenesin is sold -

Guaifenesin is typically sold as a pill that you swallow but also comes in syrups and gummies.

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Why productive coughs are important -

The guaifenesin helps loosen mucus so that your body can expel it. It's important to note that with guaifenesin your cough and symptoms might get worse before you ultimately get better.

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When to take guaifenesin -

Taking guaifenesin at bedtime isn't recommended as you'll be up constantly coughing and blowing your nose.

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Pseudoephedrine -

Pseudoephedrine is a nasal decongestant that can help decrease mucus production by drying it up. When the mucus is dried, it can help reduce coughing.

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How pseudoephedrine is taken -

Pseudoephedrine is commonly taken as a pill that you swallow.

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Pharmacy information -

While pseudoephedrine doesn't require a prescription, there are some rules involved. Because many people misuse the medicine for recreational drug use, it's often required for you to present a driver's license or other form of identification. 

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Sudafed -

The most common brand name of pseudoephedrine is Sudafed. There is also a similar-sounding medicine known as Sudafed PE that is available on pharmacy shelves. However, the two are different as Sudafed PE uses phenylephrine instead of pseudoephedrine.

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Diphenhydramine -

This antihistamine is used for several ailments including a cough.

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Effects -

Diphenhydramine can have a sedative effect so it's best to take it before bed. It's often found in medicines that are specifically marked as "PM" or "nighttime" medications.

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How Diphenhydramine is taken -

Usually, diphenhydramine comes in tablet form.

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Menthol -

Often sold as a cough suppressant, menthol products usually don't contain conventional medicine.

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How it helps -

Menthol can help by opening your airways and providing a cooling sensation, thereby reducing coughing. It is usually considered safe for most as there's no conventional medicine in methanol

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Where you'll find Menthol -

Cough drops, rubs, patches, and shower bombs can contain menthol. If it smells minty then chances are it’s made with menthol!

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Disclaimer: multiple ingredients -

Some doctors advise caution when taking over-the-counter medicine that contains more than one active ingredient. Active ingredients include antihistamines, fever reducers, pain relievers, and more.

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FAQ: does OTC cough medicine actually help? -

The actual effectiveness of cough medicine is debated amongst medical professionals. The medicine can definitely ease symptoms and improve sleep but it might also suppress the body's natural ability to clear mucus and germs.

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FAQ: what are alternatives to cough medicine? -

There are some alternatives to over-the-counter medications and they can include drinking peppermint tea, using a neti pot, or running a humidifier.

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Alternatives -

You can also try adding honey to warm water or tea, spending time in a steamy room, and getting enough rest.

Sources: (Clevland Clinic) (NHS) (Alina Health)

See also: The respiratory illnesses you should be aware of

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